Protective Helmet

ABSTRACT

A safety helmet, for example, usable in sports such as football, is shown and described. The safety helmet includes an outer shell, an inner shell, and an inner head seating structure. The latter encircles a head of a wearer of the safety helmet. The inner head seating structure is coupled in spaced apart relation to the inner shell by elastically deformable pin assemblies and associated deformable pins engaged by the pin assemblies. The pins protrude through the inner shell to the inner head seating structure, and outside the inner shell to the outer shell. The pin assemblies may have lattice construction providing openings further accommodating deformation responsive to impact forces. Inner and outer shells may have holes to accept ends of pins of pin assemblies. The number of holes may exceed those actually occupied by ends of pins, thereby providing adjustability in number and location of pin assemblies and pins.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of priority to US Provisional Utility Application No. 62/879,352, filed Jul. 26, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated by this reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to helmets, such as sports helmets, for absorbing impacts by internal deflection.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A number of sports present hazards to players due to impacts. Impacts may arise from collisions between players as the players run on a game field. Impacts to the head present significant risk of both immediate and latent injuries to the brain. There is therefore a need for a sports helmet which attenuates impact forces to the head of a person wearing the helmet while playing a sport.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a safety helmet including inner and outer shells and a head engaging head seating structure. The head seating structure stabilizes the inner and outer shells on the head of the wearer. A plurality of deformable pin assemblies each holding a plurality of deformable pins is located between the head seating structure and the inner shell. Ends of the pins are received in holes in the head seating structure and in the inner shell. The pin assemblies elastically deform responsive to impacts, thereby providing impact protection superior to conventional sports helmets.

The pin assemblies may have lattice type construction including interstitial spaces so that the pin assemblies accommodate deformation responsive to impacts both by elastic deformability of constituent material, and also because the interstitial spaces further accommodate temporary displacement and compression of the pin assemblies during impacts.

The holes are greater in number than the intended number of pins, so that pins and pin assemblies can be selectively located as desired.

The present invention provides improved elements and arrangements thereof by apparatus for the purposes described which is inexpensive, dependable, and fully effective in accomplishing its intended purposes.

These and other objects of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following specification and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various objects, features, and attendant advantages of the present invention will become more fully appreciated as the same becomes better understood when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the several views, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a side view of a safety helmet according to the present disclosure, shown in cross section;

FIG. 2 is a bottom plan view of the safety helmet of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective detail view of one of the components shown distributed about the periphery of the safety helmet in FIG. 2, with FIG. 3 drawn to enlarged scale;

FIG. 4 is a perspective detail view of the safety helmet of FIG. 1, shown in cross section and to enlarged scale; and

FIG. 5 is an enlarged side detail view of the component shown distributed about the periphery of the safety helmet in FIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to the drawings but particularly to FIG. 1, according to at least one aspect of the invention, there is shown a safety helmet 100 for protecting a person (not shown) from impacts during sports activities. Safety helmet 100 may comprise an outer shell 102 including an interior 104 and a head opening 106 for inserting a head of the person into interior 104. Safety helmet 100 may comprise an inner shell 108 including an interior 110 and a head opening 112 for inserting the head of the person into interior 110 of inner shell 108, and an inner head seating structure 114 (FIG. 2) configured to engage the head of the person and to be inside interior 110 of inner shell 108 and spaced apart therefrom.

Safety helmet 100 may comprise an impact attenuator coupled to inner shell 108 and to inner head seating structure 114. The impact attenuator is configured to accommodate impacts by enabling adjustment of a position of inner shell 108 relative to inner head seating structure 114 by moving relative to at least one of inner shell 108 and inner head seating structure 114, and also by resilient deformation. The impact attenuator comprises a plurality of resilient pin assemblies 116 each further comprising at least two pins 118 extending between and engaging inner shell 108 and inner head seating structure 114, and a stabilizer 120 for each one of pins 118. Stabilizer 120 contacts each of the at least two pins 118 of each said pin assembly 116, and opposes axial motion of the at least two pins 118 contacted thereby when inner shell 108 is subjected to an impact. One stabilizer 120 is shown in FIG. 3. Several stabilizers 120 are shown in FIG. 2.

Some of pin assemblies 116 may have a first flexibility characteristic and others of pin assemblies 116 may have a second flexibility characteristic. This feature allows pin assemblies 116 in some locations on safety helmet 100 to provide one level of resistance to deformation, and other pin assemblies to provide a different level of resistance to deformation. Differences in flexibility may be present in pins 118, in stabilizers 120, or in both.

Pins 118 and stabilizers 120 may be fabricated by molding, by three dimensional printing, or in other ways.

In summary, inner and outer shells 108, 102 are generally concentric, with head seating structure 114 centered within inner shell 108. These items 102, 108, 114 are not rigidly held in concentric or centered positions. Rather, they float in that they can move within limited ranges as impacts move and deform flexible pin assemblies 116 and flexible pins 118.

Referring also to FIG. 3, each pin 118 may comprise a distal stub end 122, an opposed proximal stub end 124, and a plurality of outwardly projecting flanges 126 between distal stub end 122 and proximal stub end 124.

As best understood from FIG. 4, inner shell 108 comprises a plurality of holes 128 each dimensioned and configured to receive one proximal or distal stub end 122 or 124. Inner head seating structure 114 comprises a plurality of holes 130 each dimensioned and configured to receive one proximal or distal stub end 122 or 124. Holes 128 of inner shell 108 are aligned with holes 130 of inner head seating structure 114 such that each pair of aligned holes 128, 130 can receive one distal stub end 122 and one proximal stub end 124 of each pin 118 spanning inner shell 108 and inner head seating structure 114, such that a plurality of pins 118 spanning inner shell 108 and inner head seating structure 114 support inner shell 108 in spaced apart relation to inner head seating structure 114.

Each pin 118 includes a tapered head 132 at one end of pin 118. Because pins 118 are made from a resilient material, tapered heads 132 can be deformed to fit into holes 128 and 130. Once a tapered head 132 has passed through a hole 128 or 132, it resiliently expands to oppose spontaneous movement and consequent potential loss through the hole 128 or 132.

As seen in the detail of FIG. 5, each stabilizer 120 comprises a plurality of seats 134 recessed into stabilizer 120. Each seat 134 may be dimensioned and configured to receive one of flanges 126 and to constrain flange 126 against lateral motion and against travel in axial motion. Seats 134 are seen as grooves. It should be noted that pins 118 can be moved manually along their length, with flanges 126 resiliently yielding to accommodate such motion. The constituent material of pins 118 are sufficiently rigid as to oppose unintended motion wherein a flange 126 escapes its associated seat 134 spontaneously, or in the absence of manual pressure.

Referring again to FIG. 3, each stabilizer 120 includes openings 136 projecting into stabilizer 120 to accommodate elastic deformation of stabilizer 120 when subjected to an impact to safety helmet 100. Each stabilizer 120 may comprise a lattice structure, and openings 136 projecting into stabilizer 120 alternate with solid members of the lattice structure. For the purposes of the present disclosure, a lattice structure is a structure formed from intersecting elongated members such as rods, wherein the elongated members are fused together at intersections. In a lattice, elongated members are sufficiently spaced apart as to leave interstitial openings 136. These openings 136 provide space to accommodate displaced constituent material of the elongated members and of pins 118, as may occur when safety helmet 100 is subjected to impacts.

Each stabilizer 120 may be configured to engage up to eight pins 118. Noting from FIG. 3 that pins 118 may face in opposed directions, each stabilizer can thus accommodate four pins 118 facing in each of two opposed directions. Four pins 118 may have proximal stub ends 124 facing in one direction, so as to be able to penetrate holes 128 or 130, with another four pins 118 presenting relatively large distal stub ends 122 for abutment against a surface of outer shell 102, inner shell 108, or head seating structure 114. Proximal stub ends 124 may be severed or trimmed where projecting through holes in outer shell 102, or if desired, through holes within safety helmet 100.

Safety helmet 100 is primarily intended for protection to sports athletes, although use in other applications such as factories, mines, and construction is possible. In sports applications, inner shell 108 may cover a crown of the head, right and left sides of the head, and a rear of the head of the person (not shown) wearing safety helmet 100. This configuration is typical for many sports, such as football. For football and similar sports, safety helmet 100 may include a face guard 138 (see FIG. 1) coupled to safety helmet 100 and projecting to a front of face opening 140 (see FIG. 1).

Safety helmet 100 may incorporate features known in or conventional with sports helmets, even if not so described and shown herein. For example, safety helmet 100 may include ear openings (not shown) to facilitate hearing, and an eye visor or full face visor (neither shown) in front of safety helmet, in the manner for example of known helmets used in football. Also, padding and additional cushioning may be provided as desired.

The present invention is susceptible to modifications and variations which may be introduced thereto without departing from the inventive concepts. For example, pins 118 may be utilized without stabilizers 120 by having proximal and distal stub ends 124, 122 received in corresponding holes (e.g., holes 128 or 130) in inner or outer shells 108 or 102, and in head seating structure 114, for example.

While the present invention has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the present invention is not to be limited to the disclosed arrangements, but is intended to cover various arrangements which are included within the spirit and scope of the broadest possible interpretation of the appended claims so as to encompass all modifications and equivalent arrangements which are possible. 

I claim:
 1. A safety helmet for protecting a person from impacts during sports activities, the safety helmet comprising: an outer shell including an interior and a head opening for inserting a head of the person into the interior; an inner shell including an interior and a head opening for inserting a head of the person into the interior of the inner shell; an inner head seating structure configured to engage a head of the person and to be inside the interior of the inner shell and spaced apart therefrom; and an impact attenuator coupled to the inner shell and to the inner head seating structure, the impact attenuator configured to accommodate impacts by enabling adjustment of a position of the inner shell relative to the inner head seating structure by moving relative to at least one of the inner shell and the inner head seating structure and also by resilient deformation, the impact attenuator comprising a plurality of resilient pin assemblies each further comprising at least two pins extending between and engaging the inner shell and the inner head seating structure, and a stabilizer for each one of the pins, the stabilizer contacting each of the at least two pins of each said pin assembly, and opposing axial motion of the at least two pins contacted thereby when the inner shell is subjected to an impact.
 2. The safety helmet of claim 1, wherein each said pin comprises a distal stub end, an opposed proximal stub end, and a plurality of outwardly projecting flanges between the distal stub end and the proximal stub end; the inner shell comprises a plurality of holes each dimensioned and configured to receive one said distal stub end; the inner head seating structure comprises a plurality of holes each dimensioned and configured to receive one said proximal stub end; and the holes of the inner shell are aligned with the holes of the inner head seating structure such that each pair of aligned holes can receive one said distal stub end and one said proximal stub end of each said pin spanning the inner shell and the inner head seating structure, such that a plurality of said pins spanning the inner shell and the inner head seating structure support the inner shell in spaced apart relation to the inner head seating structure.
 3. The safety helmet of claim 2, wherein each said pin includes a tapered head at one end of the pin.
 4. The safety helmet of claim 2, wherein each said stabilizer comprises a plurality of seats recessed into the stabilizer, wherein each said seat is dimensioned and configured to receive one of the flanges and to constrain the flange against lateral motion and against travel in axial motion.
 5. The safety helmet of claim 4, wherein each said stabilizer includes openings projecting into the stabilizer to accommodate elastic deformation of the stabilizer when subjected to an impact to the safety helmet.
 6. The safety helmet of claim 5, wherein each said stabilizer comprises a lattice structure, and the openings projecting into the stabilizer alternate with solid members of the lattice structure.
 7. The safety helmet of claim 3, wherein each said stabilizer is configured to engage up to eight said pins.
 8. The safety helmet of claim 1, wherein the inner shell covers a crown of the head, right and left sides of the head, and a rear of the head of the person wearing the safety helmet.
 9. The safety helmet of claim 8, further comprising a face guard coupled to the safety helmet and projecting to a front of the face opening.
 10. The safety helmet of claim 1, wherein some of the pin assemblies have a first flexibility characteristic and others of the pin assemblies have a second flexibility characteristic. 